Pathways to Better Prediction of the MJO: 1. Effects of Model Resolution and Moist Physics on Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Precipitation

Despite recent advancements in numerical models, prediction of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains a major challenge weather and climate modeling. This study explores pathways for improving MJO through systematic investigation effects model resolution moist physics on simulations Part 1, followed by atmosphere-ocean coupling 2. The Unified Wave Interface—Coupled Model (UWIN-CM) experiments with different cumulus parameterizations (CP) explicit microphysics convection-permitting are used to convective initiation eastward propagation. Observations atmosphere ocean from Dynamics (DYNAMO) field campaign 2011 evaluate coupled simulations. At lower (12 km), simulation Tiedtke CP produced an propagating event, while Kain-Fritsch did not. main difference between two low-resolution is vertical structure atmospheric boundary layer which impacts large-scale circulation precipitation. persistent cloudy that decoupled tropospheric surface failed produce MJO. higher (4 robust capturing observed propagation precipitation westerly winds. Increasing improves systems, results more realistic structures wind moisture throughout troposphere, as well improved